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BACKGROUND@#Hair follicles are easily accessible and contain stem cells with different developmental origins, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), that consequently reveal the potential of human hair follicle (hHF)-derived MSCs in repair and regeneration. However, the role of hHF-MSCs in Achilles tendinopathy (AT) remains unclear. The present study investigated the effects of hHF-MSCs on Achilles tendon repair in rabbits.@*METHODS@#First, we extracted and characterized hHF-MSCs. Then, a rabbit tendinopathy model was constructed to analyze the ability of hHF-MSCs to promote repair in vivo . Anatomical observation and pathological and biomechanical analyses were performed to determine the effect of hHF-MSCs on AT, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemical staining were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms through which hHF-MSCs affects AT. Furthermore, statistical analyses were performed using independent sample t test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and one-way repeated measures multivariate ANOVA as appropriate.@*RESULTS@#Flow cytometry, a trilineage-induced differentiation test, confirmed that hHF-derived stem cells were derived from MSCs. The effect of hHF-MSCs on AT revealed that the Achilles tendon was anatomically healthy, as well as the maximum load carried by the Achilles tendon and hydroxyproline proteomic levels were increased. Moreover, collagen I and III were upregulated in rabbit AT treated with hHF-MSCs (compared with AT group; P < 0.05). Analysis of the molecular mechanisms revealed that hHF-MSCs promoted collagen fiber regeneration, possibly through Tenascin-C (TNC) upregulation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 downregulation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#hHF-MSCs can be a treatment modality to promote AT repair in rabbits by upregulating collagen I and III. Further analysis revealed that treatment of AT using hHF-MSCs promoted the regeneration of collagen fiber, possibly because of upregulation of TNC and downregulation of MMP-9, thus suggesting that hHF-MSCs are more promising for AT.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rabbits , Hair Follicle , Achilles Tendon/pathology , Tendinopathy/pathology , Proteomics , Collagen Type I , Mesenchymal Stem CellsABSTRACT
Background@#Tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline are recently developed tetracyclines. Susceptibility of microbes to these tetracyclines and their molecular mechanisms have not been well elucidated. We investigated the susceptibility of Moraxella catarrhalis to tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline and its resistance mechanisms against these tetracyclines. @*Methods@#A total of 207 non-duplicate M. catarrhalis isolates were collected from different inpatients. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the tetracyclines were determined by broth microdilution. Tigecycline-, eravacycline-, or omadacycline-resistant isolates were induced under In Vitro pressure. The tet genes and mutations in the 16S rRNA was detected by PCR and sequencing. @*Results@#Eravacycline had a lower MIC50 (0.06 mg/L) than tigecycline (0.125 mg/L) or omadacycline (0.125 mg/L) against M. catarrhalis isolates. We found that 136 isolates (65.7%) had the tetB gene, and 15 (7.2%) isolates were positive for tetL; however, their presence was not correlated with high tigecycline, eravacycline, or omadacycline ( ≥ 1 mg/L) MICs.Compared with the initial MIC after 160 days of induction, the MICs of tigecycline or eravacycline against three M. catarrhalis isolates increased ≥ eight-fold, while those of omadacycline against two M. catarrhalis isolates increased 64-fold. Mutations in the 16S rRNA genes (C1036T and/or G460A) were observed in omadacycline-induced resistant isolates, and increased RR (the genes encoding 16SrRNA (four copies, RR1-RR4) copy number of 16S rRNA genes with mutations was associated with increased resistance to omadacycline. @*Conclusions@#Tigecycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline exhibited robust antimicrobial effects against M. catarrhalis. Mutations in the 16S rRNA genes contributed to omadacycline resistance in M. catarrhalis.
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Objective To investigate the difference of serum prealbumin in hospitalized children and its value in Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics ( STAMP) in hospital-izedchildren.Methods 867hospitalizedchildrenwererecruitedfromMarch2013toApril2014in the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University .All the patients were assessed using STAMP and collected venous blood sample for measuring serum prealbumin within 24 hours after admission.All the patients were surveyed for information regarding gender , age, dietary changes, etc.and their clini-cal data and laboratory results during hospitalization collected .The patients were divided into high mal-nutrition risk group ( HMRG) and low malnutrition risk group ( LMRG) according to STAMP scores upon admission. Results There were 463 children ( 53.4%) in HMRG, and 404 in LMRG (46.6%).Compared with the LMRG, the HMRG had significantly lower serum prealbumin [ (144.7 ± 50.6) mg/L vs.(173.6 ±71.3) mg/L, t=6.795, P=0.000].After controlling for age, course of disease, white blood cell count, albumin, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, C-reactive protein in covariance analysis, the HMRG still had significantly lower serum prealbumin than the LMRG [ estimate ( 95% CI): 139.8 ( 134.9 -144.8 ) mg/L vs.157.9 ( 151.9 -163.8 ) mg/L, F =20.433 , P=0.000 ) .Clinical cure rates in HMRG with low serum prealbumin , HMRG with normal serum pre-albumin, LMRG with low serum prealbumin, and LMRG with normal serum prealbumin were 62.9%(95/151), 80.5% (251/312), 77.1% (27/35), and 98.1% (362/369) (χ2 =112.80, P=0.000 ) , respectively; incidences of hospital acquired infection were 21.9% ( 33/151 ) , 8.7%( 27/312 ) , 22.9% ( 8/35 ) , and 1.9% ( 7/369 ) (χ2 =63.55 , P =0.000 ) , respectively. Conclusion High malnutrtion could be distinguished more accurately using the combination of the as-sessment of malnutrition screening tools and serum prealbumin measurement .
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Objective To investigate the influence factors of malnutrition risk in hospitalized children,in order to provide theoretical basis for early identifying hospitalized children at the risk of malnutrition and for guiding clinical nutritional intervention.Methods Hospitalized children in the Department of Pediatrics of our hospital from March 1st 2013 to April 30th 2014 were included and assessed using Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP).Questionnaire survey was conducted and clinical data was recorded.The children were divided into two groups according to STAMP scores upon admission,namely high malnutrition risk group and low malnutrition risk group.Comparing the differences of basic characteristics,laboratory examinations,and treatments between the two groups,associated factors of statistical significance were detected.With the associated factors identified in single factor analysis as independent variables and STAMP score-based group division as the dependent variable,multifactor unconditional Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the independent risk factors influencing STAMP scores of hospitalized children.Results A total of 1 406 hospitalized children were included,of whom 738 were at high malnutrition risk,and the other 668 were at low malnutrition risk.Single factor analysis indicated that fever before admission (Z =-3.809,P =0.000),severity of condition (x2 =14.068,P =0.000),age (x2 =5.813,P =0.017),and length of fever before admission (t =2.793,P =0.005) were associated with high malnutrition risk of hospitalized children.Non-conditional Logistic regression suggested that severity of condition (OR =1.557,95％ CI:1.164-2.083,P =0.003),length of fever before admission (OR =1.039,95％ CI:1.011-1.068,P =0.006),and granulocyte count (OR =1.032,95％ CI:1.004-1.061,P =0.027) were risk factors of high malnutrition risk in hospitalized children,and age (OR =0.942,95％ CI:0.909-0.977,P =0.001) was protective factor.Conclusion Age,severity of condition,length of fever before admission,and granulocyte count can provide helpful information for early identification of hospitalized children at high malnutrition risk.
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A three-dimensional finite element model of premaxillary bone and anterior teeth was established with ANSYS 13.0. The anterior teeth were fixed with strong stainless labial archwire and lingual frame. In the horizontal loading experiments, a horizontal retraction force of 1.5 N was applied bilaterally to the segment through hooks at the same height between 7 and 21 mm from the incisal edge of central incisor; in vertical loading experiments, a vertical intrusion force of 1.5 N was applied at the midline of lingual frame with distance between 4 and 16 mm from the incisal edge of central incisor. After loading, solution was done and displacement and maximum principle stress were calculated. After horizontal loading, lingual displacement and stress in periodontal membrane (PDM) was most homogeneous when the traction force was 14 mm from the edge of central incisor; after vertical loading, intrusive displacement and stress in PDM were most homogeneous when the traction force was 12 mm from the incisal edge of central incisor. The results of this study suggested that the location of center of resistance (CRe) of six maxillary anterior teeth is about 14 mm gingivally and 12 mm lingually to incisal edge of central incisor. The location can provide evidence for theoretical and clinical study in orthodontics.